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Records with

  • Keyword = ’homeland security’ AND 'indoor outdoor decontamination' AND chemical NOT (presentation OR poster).
Records 1 to 25 of 194

2023
Efficacy of Decontamination Options for Sensitive Equipment-Related Materials Contaminated with Chemical Warfare Agents
(DATA/SOFTWARE) [Published : Nov 13, 2023]
A release of a chemical warfare agent (CWA) will create an acute and significant exposure risk to the public as well as remediation contractors who would be tasked to cleanup a contaminated site. It would require decontamination of the contaminated area which may hold sensitive e...
Evaluation of Malathion, DIMP, and Strawberry Furanone as CWA Simulants for Consideration in Field-Level Interior Building Remediation Exercises
(JOURNAL) [Published : Sep 25, 2023]
Field-level exercises with the purpose to assess remediation following the deliberate release of a highly toxic chemical in an indoor environment can be conducted using low(er) toxicity simulants if they are closely linked to the behavior of the toxic chemical itself. Experimenta...
Material Compatibility Studies for Chemical Warfare Agent Decontamination Solutions
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Aug 01, 2023]
EPA’s Homeland Security Research Program conducts decontamination efficacy studies that identify technologies that can be used to clean surfaces, materials, or objects contaminated with chemical, biological, or radiological agents. This project consisted of an assessment of the m...
2022
Decontamination Options for Sensitive Equipment-related Materials Contaminated with a Fourth Generation Agent (FGA)
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 30, 2022]
This EPA report provides information on decontamination options for surfaces contaminated with a fourth generation (chemical) agent. Decontaminants and surfaces were selected based on expected higher material compatibility than e.g., corrosive bleach with materials associated wit...
Decontamination Options for Surface Layers Containing Permeated Chemical Warfare Agents HD and VX and Pesticides Malathion and Fipronil
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Jul 31, 2022]
Under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP), research is being conducted necessary for identification of methods and technologies that can be used during hazardous materials remediation and cleanup efforts. The th...
Evaluating risk, exposure, and detection capabilities for chemical threats in water
(JOURNAL) [Published : Apr 30, 2022]
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency was developed to protect human health and the environment by ensuring the nation has clean air, land, and water. Towards this effort, the Agency provides scientific solutions through the development of analytical methods and risk-based hea...
Evaluation of pH Adjusted Bleach (pAB) and High-Test Hypochlorite (HTH) Decontaminants for US Coast Guard Assets following a Biological Agent Release
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Jan 01, 2022]
Wide-area remediation following a B. anthracis (Ba) spore release presents many issues including balancing the limited resources available with the need to characterize contamination, conduct decontamination, and management of post-decontamination waste. Capabilities and an opera...
Improving Surface Decontamination Methods for Permeable Materials Contaminated with Chemical Warfare Agent Surrogates Malathion and 2-CEPS
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Sep 30, 2022]
This report addresses options to improve on the decontamination of permeable materials that are contaminated with a toxic chemical that has transferred into such material. Here, two surrogates of chemical warfare agents are considered to investigate the degree of transport, mater...
Research to Inform Decontamination Strategies, Methods, and Related Technical Challenges for Remediation of a Fentanyl-Contaminated Site
(SUMMARY) [Published : Oct 18, 2022]
This technical brief provides decision makers with a practical summary of recent US EPA scientific information and data related to the technical challenges involved with remediating a fentanyl-contaminated indoor site. The research topics included in this summary are indoor build...
2021
Assessment of Low-Level Hydrogen Peroxide Fumigation for Remediation of Indoor Environments Contaminated with Persistent Toxic Chemicals
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Oct 27, 2021]
This report addresses the application of low concentration hydrogen peroxide vapor for the remediation of surfaces contaminated with the persistent chemical warfare agents VX and sulfur mustard (HD) and the pesticide (and chemical warfare agent surrogate) malathion. A low concent...
Decontamination Options for Indoor Surfaces Contaminated with Realistic Fentanyl Preparations
(JOURNAL) [Published : Nov 01, 2021]
The significant increase in illegal use of the synthetic opioid fentanyl is leading to unintentional overdose fatalities. Spills of fentanyl where it is abused or prepared for illegal distribution can result in persistent contamination of areas. Remediation can be attempted throu...
External Dose to Recovery Teams Following a Wide-Area Nuclear or Radiological Release Event
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jun 01, 2021]
The primary objective of this study was to quantify the dose incurred to workers performing a remediation recovery effort for roadways and buildings following a wide-area release event.
Inactivation of a Bacillus anthracis Spore Surrogate on Outdoor Materials Via the Spray Application of Sodium Dichloro-s- triazinetrione and Other Chlorine-Based Decontaminant Solutions
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : May 31, 2021]
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Homeland Security Strategic Research Action Plan was established to advance EPA’s capabilities to recover from a wide-area contamination incident, and the study described in this report supports that objective. This small study evaluated...
Remediation Options for Fentanyl Contaminated Indoor Environments
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Aug 20, 2021]
This report assesses decontamination options for fentanyl contaminated building materials as well as responder gear and personal protective equipment related materials. This report builds on a previous fentanyl decontamination efficacy study that looked at other decontaminants. T...
Simulations of dispersion through an irregular urban building array
(JOURNAL) [Published : Aug 01, 2021]
While some fast-response dispersion models can capture the effects of individual buildings, research is required to further refine urban characterizations, especially within the presence of a nonhomogeneous array of structures. This project leverages the configuration of building...
Tools Used for Visualizing Sampling and Analysis Data During Response to a Contamination Incident
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Nov 25, 2021]
In the event of a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) wide-area incident, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for clearance, waste disposal processes, and data collection and quality checks to advise decision-making. This research effor...
Transport of Persistent Chemical Warfare Agents HD and VX into Porous Materials and Permeable Layers: Practical data for remediation of contaminated building materials
(SUMMARY) [Published : Jul 31, 2021]
This technical brief compiles data from several recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) bench-scale studies which assessed the fate and transport of these two chemicals into porous and/or permeable materials. This summary provides decision¿makers with practical informat...
2020
Dispersion Modeling Systems Relevant to Homeland Security Preparedness and Response
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Oct 21, 2020]
Atmospheric dispersion modeling is one tool that can be used for effective emergency preparation or response from hazardous chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNe) releases, especially in urban areas where population densities are high and wind flow bec...
EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERSISTENCE AND INACTIVATION OF MS2 BACTERIOPHAGE AND THE PRESUMED EBOLA VIRUS SURROGATE PHI6 USING LOW CONCENTRATION HYDROGEN PEROXIDE VAPOR
(JOURNAL) [Published : Mar 17, 2020]
The phages were inoculated onto six material types (both porous and nonporous), with and without the presence of human whole blood. The inoculated materials were then exposed to either a high or low concentration of HPV, and the phages were recovered from the materials at several...
EVALUATION OF ALTERED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AS A DECONTAMINATION APPROACH FOR NONSPORE-FORMING BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
(JOURNAL) [Published : Apr 01, 2020]
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of altered environmental conditions on the persistence of Francisella tularensis bacteria and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus, on two material types. Results from this study provide information for inactivation of non-spo...
Functional categories of microbial toxicity resulting from three advanced oxidation process treatments during management and disposal of contaminated water
(JOURNAL) [Published : Jan 20, 2020]
Contaminated waters could contain harmful chemicals, which present management and disposal challenges. This study investigates three The results indicate that AOP pre-treatment can be a viable strategy to facilitate drain disposal of contaminated waters, but that eco-toxicity may...
Literature Search and Review for Sampling, Analysis, and Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agent - Contaminated Maritime Vessels
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Dec 31, 2020]
The USCG protects and defends more than 100,000 miles of U.S. coastline and inland waterways. To this end, the USCG may be responsible for countering and responding to incidents involving weapons of mass destruction, including biological warfare agents (BWAs) and chemical warfare...
Physical and Chemical Removal Options for Porous/Permeable Materials Contaminated with a Persistent Chemical Warfare Agent VX
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : May 21, 2020]
The results of this research will provide the EPA response community as well as other Federal, State, Tribal and Local agencies on tools to decontaminate porous materials in the indoor environment that are contaminated with CWAs. Report on bench-scale experimental evaluation of p...
Portable Mercury Detector Testing and Evaluation Report
(PUBLISHED REPORT) [Published : Jan 01, 2020]
Responding to an accident, fire, or deliberate chemical release can potentially expose first responders to harmful levels of toxic or corrosive chemicals. Additionally, following a contaminant release indoors, it is essential to protect the public health and provide a clearance ...
Remediating Indoor Pesticide Contamination from Improper Pest Control Treatments: Persistence and Decontamination Studies
(JOURNAL) [Published : Apr 21, 2020]
Under the U.S. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), it is a violation to use a pesticide in a manner inconsistent with the product’s labeling (commonly referred to as pesticide misuse or misapplication). The improper and excessive use of pesticides in indo...